IFA Congresses

Kinematic Changes Following Static Perturbation in People Who Stutter

Details: Category: 2003 IFA Congress Articles

Kinematic Changes Following Static Perturbation in People Who Stutter

Aravind Kumar Namasivayam and Pascal H.H.M. Van Lieshout

Oral Dynamics Laboratory, Graduate Department of Speech-Language Pathology University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1 V7, Canada.

SUMMARY

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not persons who stutter (PWS) could compensate to the presence of a static (bite-block) perturbation. We hypothesized that, if PWS have a limited ability in utilizing sensory information then they would be unable to adequately control their lip movements to deal with the fixed jaw position. Results indicated that PWS like their matched controls were able to compensate for the presence of a static perturbation. However, there were differences between the two groups in terms of their use of motor control strategies during compensation.

Sensory Integration and Stuttering Therapy

Details: Category: 2003 IFA Congress Articles

Sensory Integration and Stuttering Therapy

Caroline Nater-Berkeljon
Stottercentrum Rijnlana’, Hazenboslaan 38, 2341 SC, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands

SUMMARY

Sensory integration is the way we take in information, organize and process this information to give an appropriate response. Comprehension of the process of sensory integration makes it possible to understand why a child has a speech problem. As sensory dysfunction could be a handicap to speak fluently. Speech fluency goals are therefore easier achieved by starting to train the sensory integration in the first place. Sensory integration is also useful to modify stuttering, to increase toleranace to stuttering and to facilitate or automate speech-behaviors.

A Within- and Between-Subject FMRI Experiment Before and After a Fluency Shaping Therapy

Details: Category: 2003 IFA Congress Articles

A Within- and Between-Subject FMRI Experiment Before and After a Fluency Shaping Therapy

Katrin Neumann¹, Harald A. Euler², Christine Preibisch³, Alexander Wolff von Gudenberg⁴
¹Clinic of Phoniatry and Pedaadiology, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 F rankfurt/Main, Germany
²Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Hollaend. St): 36-38, 3412 7 Kassel, Germany
³Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt, Schlensenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
⁴Institute of the Kasseler Stottertherapie, 34308 Bad Emstal, Germany

SUMMARY

FMRI findings of 9 male persons who stutter (PWS) compared to 16 non-stuttering controls (PWNS) are reported. Distributed, predominantly right-hernispheric overactivations in PWS during overt reading were more widespread and left-sided after fluency shaping therapy and were slightly reduced and again more right-sided two years later. These findings, together with larger activations post-treatment also in a semantic task, suggest that overactivations might reflect compensatory mechanisms. Left frontal deactivations were insensitive to therapy and therefore possibly indicate dysfunctions. Thus, fluency-inducing techniques might synchronize a disturbed signal transmission between auditory, speech motor planning, and motor areas.

A Sensorimotor Perspective on Stuttering: Insights from the Neuroscience of Motor Control

Details: Category: 2003 IFA Congress Articles

A Sensorimotor Perspective on Stuttering: Insights from the Neuroscience of Motor Control

Ludo Max^1,4, Vincent L. Gracco^2,4, Frank H. Guenther^3.5, Satrajit S. Ghosh³, and Marie E. Wallace^1,4
¹University of Connecticut, Department of Communication Sciences, 850 Bolton Road Unit 1085, Storrs, CT 06269-1085, USA
²McGill University, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1266 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A8, Canada
³Boston University, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
⁴Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown Street, New Haven, CT 06511-6695, USA
⁵Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 021139-4307, USA

SUMMARY

We present a theoretical perspective on stuttering based on a wide range of empirical data regarding the neuroscience of motor control. This perspective relies heavily on recent insights into models of motor control incorporating (a) feedforward and feedback. control schemes, (b) the formation, consolidation, and updating of inverse and forward internal models of effector system dynamics, and (c) cortical and subcortical activation patterns during speech and nonspeech motor tasks. We suggest that stuttering may result either when producing speech with inaccurate internal models or with a motor strategy that is weighted too much toward feedback control. The overall perspective can account not only for the primary characteristics of the disorder but also for several of the associated phenomena (e. g., age of onset, fluency enhancing conditions, treatment effects). Furthermore, this sensorimotor perspective on stuttering is consistent with computer simulations implemented in the DIVA model -a neural network model of the central control of speech movements.

Examining Adaptation and Bilingualism in Stuttering

Details: Category: 2003 IFA Congress Articles

Examining Adaptation and Bilingualism in Stuttering

Nancy E . Hall¹ and David L. Evans²
¹University of Maine, 5724 Dunn Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
²Private Practice, Los Angeles, CA, USA

SUMMARY

This paper presents the results of an exploratory case study examining the oral-motor rehearsal theory of adaptation by investigating the phenomenon in bilingual people who stu:ter. Through the use of a unique methodology, speakers were asked to read the same passage in one language five times, after which the passage remained the same, but the language changed. This method held linguistic meaning constant, while changing the oral-motor movements. The results are discussed relative to future research efforts.

IFA Congresses

Kinematic Changes Following Static Perturbation in People Who Stutter

Sensory Integration and Stuttering Therapy

A Within- and Between-Subject FMRI Experiment Before and After a Fluency Shaping Therapy

A Sensorimotor Perspective on Stuttering: Insights from the Neuroscience of Motor Control

Examining Adaptation and Bilingualism in Stuttering

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